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Al Başrah Oil Terminal, commonly referred to as ABOT, is a strategically critical Iraqi offshore, deep sea crude oil marine loading terminal that lies approximately southeast of the Al-Faw Peninsula in the Persian Gulf. Along with its sister terminal, the Khawr al ‘Amīyah Oil Terminal (ميناء خور العمية, alt. Khor al-Amaya Oil Terminal, KAAOT), the terminals provide the principal point of export for more than eighty percent of Iraq's gross domestic product , and all of the oil from the southern Başrah refinery. Crude oil produced for export from the southern Iraqi oilfields is carried through three 〔 diameter pipelines to the southern tip of the al-Faw Peninsula and then undersea to the ABOT() platform.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Mina Al-Bakr )〕 One 〔 and two pipelines supply the KAAOT() platform.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Khor Al Amaya )〕 The ABOT facilities can transfer up to (Mbbl) of oil per day when all four of its supertanker berths operate at maximum capacity and has a maximum draft of .〔〕 Three single-point mooring systems (SPM) were added in 2012, each with a design rating of (kbbl) of oil per day, and two more SPMs are planned to be operational by 2013 to increase total loading capacity to of oil per day.〔 The KAAOT facility has a shallower depth and its two berths can accommodate Suezmax oil tankers with capacities up to or 200,000 DWT and has the capacity to transfer about of oil daily. ==History== ABOT was originally named Mīnā' al-Bakr Oil Terminal and was designed and commissioned into service by Brown and Root in 1974 with a design lifetime, with proper maintenance, of 20 years.〔 In 2003, the current name ABOT was adopted. The facility was constructed with four berths capable of handling very large crude carrier type vessels (VLCC) and offloading per day through each of the berths. The ABOT suffered significant damage during the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War; however, it remained in service until 1989, when Brown and Root attempted to refurbish it after the conclusion of that war. Work was stopped when Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990 and the facility was inflicted with further damage during the ensuing Gulf War. In addition, the platform was operated under the Oil-for-Food Programme for several years thereafter with minimal maintenance. The Mīnā' Khawr al ‘Amīyah Oil Terminal (KAAOT) was built in 1958 and had fallen into extreme disrepair and would require wholesale reconstruction to restore full capabilities . The shallow draft of its location, however, makes a reconstruction effort of questionable economic value.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Al Başrah Oil Terminal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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